Mahdi Hesaraki
1 
, Fatemeh Haghdoost
2 , Farhad Seif
3,4 , Benyamin Mashhadi
3,5 , Armin Nazemi Zadeh
3,6* , Fereshteh Sarafrazi
7* 1 Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Regenerative Medicine in Wound Healing, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Immunomodulation, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
5 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
6 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
7 Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Regenerative medicine examines how to use stem cells, growth factors, cellular dressings, skin substitutes, biopolymers, hydrogels, exosome-based systems, and nanoparticle-enabled delivery platforms to improve Wound Healing. It is increasingly shaping the therapeutic and conceptual approach to wound care by shifting the goal of treatment from simple wound closure to the restoration of functional tissue. This review discusses the biological rationale of wound healing. The normal process of wound healing includes several coordinated and overlapping phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This sequence often is disrupted in burns, diabetic ulcers, infected wounds, and extensive traumatic injuries, which leads to chronic inflammation, delayed vascularization, defective extracellular matrix deposition, or poor epithelial regeneration. Regenerative strategies, by providing instructive cells, paracrine signals, structural scaffolds, or controlled local delivery of bioactive molecules, try to correct these failures. Regenerative medicine has seen significant advances with the development of living skin substitutes, growth factor-loaded matrices, dynamic hydrogels, electrospun nanofibers, bioprintable bioinks, and smart wound dressings. However, the variability of biomaterial composition, poor regeneration of vascular and appendages, manufacturing complexity, cost, safety concerns, and the need for standardized potency assays still limit clinical translation. A more integrated approach that combines biological signaling, scaffold design, antimicrobial control, and patient-specific wound assessment may help bridge the gap between promising experimental systems and clinically reliable regenerative wound therapies.