Maad Rayan Publishing Company Biomedicine Advances 3080-0382 2 3 2025 07 01 New developments in epigenetic and genetic biomarkers for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC): Moving toward accurate diagnosis and treatment by 2025 131 136 10.34172/bma.26 EN Samaneh Hosseinzadeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-4094 Safura Pakizehkar Hoda Golab-Ghadaksaz Laleh Hoghooghi Rad Mehdi Hedayati https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-775X REVIEW 10.34172/bma.26 2025 03 11 2025 05 07 Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), such as papillary and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, has rising global incidence. While most present with extremely favorable prognosis, some poor prognostic subgroups develop recurrence and become resistant to radioactive iodine (RAI), urgently requiring improved prognostic markers and diagnostic modalities. Recent advances in molecular biology have identified critical biomarkers such as BRAF V600E mutations (40–60% PTC), TERT promoter mutations (10–20% DTC), and epigenetic alterations—that refine risk stratification and guide treatment decisions. The biomarkers make personalized approaches feasible, maximizing management of patients with minimal overtreatment. New tools such as liquid biopsy and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are further augmenting precision medicine strategies. This article cites recent advancements in molecular biomarkers and their revolutionary role in addressing the heterogeneity of DTC.